Monday, December 23, 2019

The Death of Nelson Mandela and the Asian Tsunami Essay

Table of contents Introduction........................................................................................................1 Local media spectacle........................................................................................2 Global Media spectacle......................................................................................5 List of illustrations.............................................................................................7 Bibliography......................................................................................................8 Plagiarism Report..............................................................................................9 Introduction My†¦show more content†¦The day he died brought the whole world to a stand still which signifies the power and the effect that this man had on the world. I will be discussing a few media institutes reflecting their findings and presenting it to the public. The first media source I researched was CNN World, the headline reads â€Å" Nelson Mandela, anti-apartheid icon and father of South Africa, dies.† This headline has summed him up reflecting the person he was and the power he held in the worlds eyes. CNN highlight the facts that he was a freedom fighter, prisoner and a moral compass to his own people and the world. After spending 27 years in prison he forgave the white government that imprisoned him and negotiated peace, leaving behind his bitterness and hatred, this approach inspired the world that apartheid was a thing of the past. CNN analyses Mandelas life to be positive in all areas beneficial to the country and the world. It touched on Nelson being considered as a hero to all races, a father figure and a global ambassador. His influence stopped a civil war in 1994 which could have been the bloodiest war on racial grounds. CNN highlighted that the nation was on edge as his last appearance in public was at the 2010 World Cup in SA and from then became frequently hospitalised, presenting Zuma to step in each time he felt sick. CNN captured Mandelas full life in stages of significance, reflecting a positive outlook in the hero that he was and a down to earth normal person with imperfectionsShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesfall of communism in Eastern Europe, he has been actively involved in management education programs sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development in Albania and Macedonia, and in U.S. Information Agency programs involving the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. For example, Professor Luthans’ recent international research involves his c onstruct of positive psychological capital (PsyCap). He and colleagues have published their research demonstrating theRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesfor Managers 296 S A L Self-Assessment Library Do I Have a Negative Attitude Toward Working in Groups? 272 Self-Assessment Library Do I Trust Others? 280 glOBalization! Forming International Teams in a Virtual World 291 Myth or Science? â€Å"Asians Have Less Ingroup Bias Than Americans† 292 An Ethical Choice Should You Use Group Peer Pressure? 294 Point/Counterpoint Affinity Groups Fuel Business Success 298 Questions for Review 297 Experiential Exercise Wilderness Survival 299 Ethical Dilemma

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Mariono Blanch Autobiography Free Essays

Hi, I’m Mariono im 15 years old and during my 15 years of existence I’ve learned many things I’ve also experienced many things, but I also have surrounded my beliefs around things I was taught. The one major thing that I go by which I call a belief is expressing your feelings and not holding them in ask for help if you need it. I say this because I had to learn the hard way and hurting others while learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Mariono Blanch Autobiography or any similar topic only for you Order Now My mom is a single parent she is also flight attendant so she travels a lot and I didn’t really have a male figure in my life because my father left when I was younger so I had a lot of anger in me and I never really said anything. I wouldn’t say that I had an attitude but it was like I was mad at the world I felt like I was being punished for nothing so as I got older people would bring up my situation more and more. They would ask me questions like are you okay? Are you happy? Should we talk about it? Then I would be dishonest because I was so determined that I was going to keep a motto me, myself and I. I also would get jealous sometimes when I saw happy families together because that feeling turned me kind of bitter. As my teen years started to come the more accomplishments I achieved the more angry I got because I wanted that father and son bond time. It started to affect me a lot I started to think different in school, lashing out at people for nothing so of course people started to notice the difference in me. Then people started offering me help and some I didn’t even know so then I stopped talking a lot and one day me and my mom had a disagreement about a box of cereal and then my body just let go and I snapped. It was like I couldn’t control myself I was letting so much out over something so small and once I cooled down I sat down and thought about it and I thought to myself I can’t live like this. So I ask my mom for some changes so now I live with a full figure family a little bother a little sister and I have a dad to talk to and now I can release myself. Sometimes I will think about my past and the choices I made and how I grew up and when I do I just simply talk to someone without being afraid of being judged. I try to spread and help people with my belief as much as I can and I just want to close out by saying your body is like a temple it’s a certain amount of everything it can take before a reaction come out so you should try to take care of it as much as possible don’t leave stress in anger and you ask for help then release it. How to cite Mariono Blanch Autobiography, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Business Case Analysis Memo Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Case Analysis Memo. Answer: The following memo is an analysis of social media strategy a case study of First National Bank (FNB) of South Africa. FNB is the oldest bank in South Africa and has it origin in Eastern Province Bank that was started in Grahamstown in 1838. The bank is amongst the top four banks in South Africa in terms of customers and assets. The bank is Michael Jordaan as the CEO and Lana Strydon as head of digital marketing and media. The memo will analyze social media strategy benefits and what should be considered when formulating and implementing social media strategy. This will involve discussing how FNB use digital and social media, benefits realized from investing in social media strategy, and lessons learnt from the bank experience in developing and implementing social media strategy. The memo will also identify important factors to be considered by organizations using social media to communicate to customers. First National Bank has used digital and social media in several ways to engage with its customers. First, FNB enabled its customers to make some transactions using Facebook. The bank enabled customers to link their Cellphone banking account with their social media profiles. Customers are then able to access their bank accounts from the FNB banking application on Facebook. This digital development enabled customers to check their account balances, and purchase prepaid products such as SMS bundles, airtime, and view Powerball and Lotto results. Second, the bank launched educational series on YouTube. The FNB created YouTube videos to educate people about fundamental principles in finance. The videos focused on teaching people the importance of saving, how to save, and creating a budget to minimize spending. This social media interaction and information sharing enlightened people to became banks customers. Third, the bank uses a banking app to engage with customers. FNB was the first S outh African Bank to create a banking app. The banking app enable customers to make transactions such as account transfers, updates, check balances, apply for loans, create saving plan, and enable customer care support. FNB also uses dotFNB stores. The dotFNB stores provide customers with self service banking digital platform. Customers are provided with virtual environment that enable video conferencing with experts from the banks. Therefore, FNB has widely used digital and social media to engage with it customers by launching unique products setting trends in digital marketing. FNB has benefited from social media strategy in several ways. First, the social media strategy enabled FNB to do low cost marketing. Social media marketing enabled FNB to create brand awareness to people on social media. Social media marketing also enabled the bank to inform customers and potential customers about their products. The bank was able to reach up to 1.4 million people on Facebook on a single post approximately 700000 people on Twitter per month. Secondly, the social media strategy enabled the bank to increase its sales. Potential customers were reached and there was increase in number of account opening and product buying. There were more than 10999 accounts that were opened from adverting on social media. Thirdly, the FNB was able to support customers. The social media strategy enabled the bank to increase customer loyalty and trust through customer support. This has been done through use of social media to educate, receive feedback, advice, and address complaints. The bank was able to present itself as trustworthy, approachable, and likeable to the society. The FNB social media strategy also enabled the bank to develop sustainable relationships with customers (Tuten, and Solomon, 2014). The bank was easily reachable by customers. The relationship enabled deep understanding between the bank and the customers. Therefore, FNB social media strategy has benefited FNB bank in creating a higher level engagement that has increase customer base, loyalty and returns to the organization. From FNB development and implementation of social media strategy, several lessons are evident to increase the success of a social media strategy. First, an organization has to set a clear goal when investing in social media. Setting of a social media goal before investing in a social media strategy enables to determine what resources and social media to invest in (Rootman, and Cupp, 2016). Secondly, organizations should focus on creating value to people rather than just advertising and promoting products on social media. Organization should focus in providing content that is beneficial to social media people instead of posting promotional messages (Lewis, Tigist, and van Vuuren, 2013). This attracts people creating a relationship that are then turned to customers. Thirdly, the organization should build relationships by understanding customers needs. Building a relationship with customers enabled the organization develop and implement social media strategy that aligned content to supp ort customers needs. It is also important to assess the social media that the organization is about to invest in. This ensures that an organization invests in social media where its potential customers are (Trainor et al., 2014). Organizations should consider several factors when using social media to communicate with customers. First, an organization should consider its goals to investing in social media marketing. The goal determines the social media that the organization will invest in and the content to post. Secondly, organization should consider the number of people in a certain social media before using it to communicate with customers. Considering the number of people enables an organization predetermine resources needed and returns expected. Organizations should also consider the content that they post on a social media. The content posted is important in attracting, informing, or persuading people to buy from an organization (Ashley, and Tuten, 2015). An organization should carefully consider content in order to create a high level engaging content with customers. In summary, FNB was able to successfully formulate and implement an effective social medial strategy. FNB investment to digital and social media marketing has enabled strengthening of FNB brand and building ongoing relationship with customers. The lessons from FNB social media strategy is that the focus should be on the goal to invest, building relationships and deepening customer needs understanding to enhance engagement. Therefore, organizations should consider the social media goal of investing, number of people in a social media and content to be shared in a specific social media when using social media to communicate with customers. References Ashley, C. and Tuten, T., 2015. Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement. Psychology Marketing, 32(1), pp.15-27. Lewis, D., Tigist, S.H. and van Vuuren, M., 2013. Exploring new media technologies among young South African Women. Rootman, C. and Cupp, M.N., 2016. The impact of social media on customer satisfaction and retention in the banking industry: views of clients and managers. Trainor, K.J., Andzulis, J.M., Rapp, A. and Agnihotri, R., 2014. Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), pp.1201-1208. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014. Social media marketing. Sage.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Job Hopping free essay sample

While job hopping has a negative connotation; this is more about a resource providing value to a company, and then realizing there is nothing more to learn in that environment. Until recently, job hopping was considered career suicide. The experts weighed in on the pros and cons of job hopping. Job hopping is more common with employees that are less tenured, and feel confident in their skills to be able to move on without burning a bridge and can add value immediately in a new opportunity. As job longevity becomes a thing of the past, employers and recruiters are beginning to have a different outlook on job hopping. In order to keep their skills fresh, it is necessary for technologists to remain current in a highly competitive market. The Guide for the Recent Grad, agrees. This can be more common for those specializing in development, mobile and Project Management. aâ‚ ¬? It is usually considered job hopping when you move from one company to the next every one to two years, have done it multiple times, and the reason for each move is due to something other than a layoff or company closing. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Hopping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page aâ‚ ¬? Frank Dadah, a principal account manager and general manager at WinterWyman,A  a recruitment firm thatA  specializes in search and contract staffing in the Technology, Accounting and Finance, Human Resources, and Investments and Financial Services industries, says job hopping is moving from one company to the next for either a lateral move or promotion. Exposure to different jobs. A  Job hopping gives an employee the opportunity to see what other job are out there, Kahn says. An opportunity to show off some of your best attributes. A  Job hopping allows you to show employers that you are flexible, adaptable and a quick learner,aâ‚ ¬? s well as someone who is not afraid of change or taking risks,aâ‚ ¬? Cashman says. Diverse background. A  aâ‚ ¬? [Job hoppers] probably can point to experience in a number of different industries and different size companies, and exposure to a variety of challenges,aâ‚ ¬? saysA  Tracy Cashman, a partner and general manager in the IT Search division at WinterWyman. You may damage relationships. A  More and more, employers are turning to professional reference checkers to verify information and otherwise double-check their potential investment in a new employee, Parnell says. Youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re job may be less secure. A  If your employer is forced to lay off employees, you might be the first to go (given your track record of leaving companies quickly), Cashman says. Different employers provide access to different networks in which to plant roots and farm relationships; one day these may prove helpful or even career-saving. aâ‚ ¬? aâ‚ ¬? Where most products and services have a relatively long life-cycle, a job hopper will never experience such a satisfaction. aâ‚ ¬? More money. A  aâ‚ ¬? More often than not, an employer and their employee have a conflict of interests: the employer wants a lot of work for little pay, and the employee wants little work for a lot of pay,aâ‚ ¬? Parnell explains. aâ‚ ¬? In an environment where relationships are more important than ever, gaining experience by job hopping seriously compromises oneaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s potential for developing deeper, more reliable contacts that can act as guarantors. aâ‚ ¬? Employers will be hesitant to invest in you. aâ‚ ¬? When jumping from job to job you are showing future employers that there is a high likelihood that you will do the same to them,aâ‚ ¬? Kahn says. Exposure to different businesses and people. aâ‚ ¬? Job hopping gives employees the opportunity to expand their experiences and shop around their talents,aâ‚ ¬? adds Kahn. aâ‚ ¬? It is usually quite expensive to recruit, court, hire and ramp up a new employee,aâ‚ ¬? he says. With employers being more open to hiring job hoppers, we expect the trend to continue. aâ‚ ¬? A chance to find the right fit. A  Job hopping gives you more opportunities to figure out what you like and donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t, and what is important to you in a position and company, Cashman says. â‚ ¬? One or two short stints might be acceptable if you went to a company that went bankrupt or were caught up in a layoff or just plain chose the wrong fitaâ‚ ¬but many of these might indicate you are someone who doesnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have good judgment,aâ‚ ¬? Cashman says. Tenure of young employees (ages 20 to 34) is only half that (2. 3 years). aâ‚ ¬? By working at multiple companies you will get to see ways that others are conducting business, while expanding your network to a whole new pool of professionals. Where a single move within a five year span may have labeled someone as a pariah, in some industries nowadays, a move per year isnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t unheard of. aâ‚ ¬? Lesson learned: There are many benefits and drawbacks to job hoppingaâ‚ ¬but if you do it for the right reasons and maintain healthy relationships with past employers, the pros should outweigh the cons and youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll be seen as a flexible, resourceful candidate. Theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll fear youaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll leave at the first sign of trouble. A  aâ‚ ¬? The employer will wonder if you jump ship at the first sign of trouble, or if you always think the grass is greener someplace else,aâ‚ ¬? Cashman says. The environment necessary to foster this growth canaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be found under a single roof. aâ‚ ¬? Also at most companies, putting in the years of work with them proves your loyalty helping to strengthen your job security. A  Loyalty goes a long way and from the employers perspective gives them dependability that they can count on. aâ‚ ¬? aâ‚ ¬? While they often meet in the middle when initially negotiating salaryaâ‚ ¬because the future employee has some leverage prior to an acceptanceaâ‚ ¬the subsequent raises are usually lackluster. l have a large, resourceful network. â‚ ¬? Social and professional networks are more active and influential than ever before,aâ‚ ¬? Parnell says. aâ‚ ¬? That way, when you are finally ready to settle down for several years, you know what you are looking for. aâ‚ ¬? aâ‚ ¬? For those in technology, for example, it allows them the opportunity to gain valuable technical knowledge in different environments and cultures. Access to more information and resources. A  aâ‚ ¬? With the entrance of the Internet came a previously nonexistent pipeline of information that functioned as a massive catalyst for change in the employment market,aâ‚ ¬? Parnell says. Hiring managers were wary of resumes loaded with several short job stints; theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d think you were an unstable or disloyal employee. Job hopping can be extremely advantageous for certain types of peopleaâ‚ ¬if they do it for the right reasons, saysA  Laurie Lopez, a partner andA  senior general manager in the IT Contracts division at WinterWyman. aâ‚ ¬? Someone who has a diverse background is often more attractive to a potential employer because they potentially bring new ideas and ways of doing things.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Trifecta Not Always Appropriate

Trifecta Not Always Appropriate Trifecta Not Always Appropriate Trifecta Not Always Appropriate By Maeve Maddox Libby Lewis wonders about the different meanings of trifecta.: I had a student use it in a paper addressing racial discrimination: the United States ever growing trifecta of white, black, and brown. another student cited an article from MuscleMag magazine entitled Your Tri-Fecta for success.Can this word be used as a general reference to any trio? First lets look at the term perfecta. The OED identifies the gambling term as chiefly U.S. and defines it as a bet that requires the bettor to predict, in the correct order, the first and second finishers in a race. In New York state, this kind of bet is called an exacta. The OED entry for trifecta identifies it as a betting term used principally in North America, Australia, and New Zealand. Its a recent (1971) addition to English and derives from American Spanish perfecta which is a shortening of quiniela perfecta, perfect quiniela. Quiniela, game of chance. Entertainment writers were probably the first to use the word trifecta to mean any three awards won by an artist: Joe Lovano hit the trifecta at the Jazz Awards, with wins for tenor saxophonist, small ensemble and record of the year, but pianist-composer Vijay Iyer walked off with musician of the year honors They may also have been instrumental in turning trifecta into a mere synonym for three or trio. How’s this for a musical trifecta: the intriguing guitarist Charlie Hunter, the swinging Vanguard Jazz Orchestra and the imposing saxophone/drums/bass trio known as Fly. Some writers use trifecta in any context in which three of anything figure: Marchesa actually had a trifecta of successes. Marchesa is a fashion house and three women wore its designs to the Emmy awards. Jerrod Niemann Completes a Country Music Trifecta Niemann is going to play at the Grand Old Opry. Hes already played at two other venues on his wish list. Blue Spur eatery up for awards trifecta The restaurant has won the award twice before. MGM Recipients Achieve MacArthur Trifecta Andrea Ghez won the Maria Goeppert Mayer Award in 1999. She was the third woman to win this award, hence the trifecta in the headline. Its probably a reasonable extension of the word trifecta to use it to refer to the winning of a trio of awards as here: McMurray gave Ganassi his first Daytona 500 win in February. In May, Dario Franchitti won the Indianapolis 500 in one of Ganassi’s cars. On Sunday, Ganassi hit the unprecedented trifecta. No other car owner has won all three major races, much less in the same year. Used willy-nilly to mean three of anything, however, it smacks of lazy writing. Its use is especially inappropriate in this New Republic piece about the automotive industry: GM, Ford, and Chrysler are taking precisely the sorts of steps everybody says are necessaryor, at least, they were taking those steps until an unexpected trifecta of high gas prices, vanishing credit, and a deep recession hit. The word trifecta implies winning. High gas prices, vanishing credit, and a deep recession hardly fit the connotation. Here are some other three words to consider, depending upon the context: trio triple triad trilogy tripartite triplet troika Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?What is Dative Case?Drama vs. Melodrama

Friday, November 22, 2019

Characters in Hamlet Essay Example for Free (#2)

Characters in Hamlet Essay Character (1309) , Hamlet (634) , Claudius (325) , Ophelia (231) , Polonius (224) , Gertrude (208) , Laertes (186) , Reynaldo (14) In Hamlet, Polonius interacts in very different ways with the various characters. While talking with Reynaldo, he speaks in a sneaky, sly and clever manner. When talking with his daughter Ophelia, he seems very concerned. When talking with Hamlet, he seems confused, not knowing what Hamlet is talking about. When talking with the Players, however, he acts imperiously, exerting his authority over them. When talking with Reynaldo, Polonius speaks in a clever and sneaky manner. He tells Reynaldo exactly how to speak to people while trying to find Laertes. He tells him exactly what to say so that the other person will be forced to tell him of the whereabouts of Laertes. He told him that he should say â€Å"you may say, not well. But, if ‘t be he I mean, he’s very wild.† Polonius’s sneakiness is seen through his clever tactic in sending Reynaldo to Paris for the purpose of discovering Laerte’s habits. When talking with his daughter Ophelia, however, he seems genuinely concerned. This is true because in regard to Laertes, Polonius was looking for an excuse to punish or disown him for leaving the country. However, by Ophelia, Polonius is really concerned. While speaking with Gertrude and Claudius, Polonius is very honest. He comes before the king and queen bringing good news. The good news is that he knows why Hamlet is so upset. The reason is because of Ophelia. After discovering Hamlet’s lust for his daughter, he told Ophelia to stop meeting Hamlet and to send back Hamlet’s love letters. Then, he asks the king and queen if there has ever been a time where he had not told the truth. Claudius responds â€Å"not that I know.† To prove his fidelity, he is prepared to have his head chopped off if he is wrong. When talking with Hamlet, Polonius is confused. Polonius does not understand what Hamlet is talking about. When confronting Hamlet, Hamlet is reading a book. When asked what kind of book he is reading, Hamlet responds â€Å"Slanders sir.† While speaking with the Players, Polonius is arrogantly domineering. The Players come to perform a play for hamlet in order to cheer him up. While  doing their play, Polonius rudely interrupts them. He makes comments such as â€Å"This is too long.† In addition, after the play, when Hamlet instructs Polonius to treat the Players well, Polonius responds arrogantly, â€Å"My lord, I will use them according to their desert.† In response to Polonius’s disrespectful statement, Hamlet says â€Å"God’s bodykin’s man, much better. Use every man after his desert, and who should ‘scape whipping? Use them after you honor and dignity.† In conclusion, Polonius’s character varies with every individual he interacts with. It varies to the extent that his character can change from extremely honest to sly and sneaky. Also, it can change from confused to arrogantly domineering. His unique character traits differ greatly to the extent that by the end of Act II, Polonius is viewed as a necessary and crucial character in the play. Characters in Hamlet. (2016, Jul 20). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Public relations Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Public relations - Dissertation Example The field of Public Relations has been rapidly growing of late mostly because of the non-commercial and commercial organizations have started realizing the need for introducing various public relations activities. The means through which the public relations message need to be conveyed has increased considerably in the recent years for instance the cables, internet and satellite are the mass Medias which are unevenly distributed and globalized at the same time. A simple definition of Public Relations can be â€Å"Public Relations is the positive communication of a company or brand's message to all its target audiences is they staff, customers, the general public, the trade or government bodies†. However a more significant distinction by Destiny could be- PR as tactical communication, at a superior stage within the firm, and; PR as largely applied: intended at attaining column inches in the technical journals or favorable remark in the financial press. Public relations have bee n accompanying us for over thousands of years. â€Å"Sematikos† is the Greek term for Public Relations which mean Semantics. During 50 B.C. Julius Caesar created the first campaign memoirs named, â€Å"Caesar’s Gallic Wars†. There he revealed his military utilization strategies to persuade the Roman citizens that he was the best Monarch of the state. St. Augustine, who was a professor of public speaking in Milan during the 394 A.D., used to deliver the usual acclamation to the ruler and was the closest person to a minister for the imperial court. Thus, it can be said that St. Augustine was the first to be charged with public relations function. Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet named â€Å"The Crisis† In 1776 that convinced the Washington Army to settle and start fighting at a time when there will be a number of people prepared to move towards arid region so that they could flee from the cold and the adversity of a winter operation. He was known as a master o f political communication whose works could easily influence the actions and thoughts of the mass. Lincoln's secretary of state, William Seward, gained a large number of audiences of America, during the year 1861, through his considerate way of speaking by the efficient usage of the press. He stated, "I speak to the newspapers – they have a large audience and can repeat a thousand times what I want to impress on the public.† In the year 1963, John Marston held a perception of PR which is still considered as true in today’s context, which says, â€Å"a brotherhood of some 100,000 whose common bond is its profession and whose common woe is that no two of them can ever quite agree on what that profession is â€Å"Public Relations has been defined in different ways by a variety of scholars and practitioners in which the term â€Å"management† has been used largely. The definition of Public Relations as stated by Grunig and Hunt says â€Å"management of comm unication between an organization and its publics†; Ledingham and Bruning described PR specifically as â€Å"relationship management† while the argument by Cutlip states that PR is â€Å"the management function that establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the public on whom its success and failure depends† According to Kitchen and Papasolomou, several scholar states that PR